[출처 : https://www.linkedin.com/ ]

Subcontracting Process & SAP Solution

Most manufacturers prefer to manufacture an entire product in house.Still Subcontracting is considered to be an useful procurement alternative due to various reasons. Advantage for the Prime Contractor if produced in House:

• To assume greater control over the manufacturing processes
• Sharing of proprietary information is not required

Advantages of Subcontracting:

• Evaluation of Make and/or Buy decision is very important consideration
• Lower Procurement Cost
• Prime Contractors Lack of Competency to produce product in house
• Prime Contractors Lack of Capacity to produce product in house

Purpose of Subcontracting Process:
Subcontracting process involves sending raw components to a vendor for specific manufacturing processes and receiving the value-added finished material back into inventory.

• A Subcontract Purchase Requisition is either generated via the Material Requirements Planning process or manually by a requestor.
• A Buyer will validate the accuracy of the Purchase Requisition and convert it into a Purchase Order.
• The purchase order is subject to approval based on predefined parameters prior to being issued to a vendor.
• The consumption of sent components is recorded upon receipt of the value-added finished material.
• The vendor sends the invoice for the services provided which is paid during the normal payment cycle.

Design Considerations for Subcontracting Process in SAP
To enable the subcontracting process, we need to specify parameters in certain master data and in relevant configuration tables in the system.
The following should exists in the system:

• Production Bill of Material (BOM) for the subcontracted materials
• Subcontracting info record for procurement
• Purchase Order
• Material Master Record
• Vendor Mater Record
• Customer Master Record
• Price Condition Record
• Source Lists
• GL Master Record
• Cost Element
• Cost Center
• Related Product Costing set up

Related Configuration Tables in SAP

• Purchasing Group (V_024)
• Tolerance Limits, Invoice Verification (T169G)
• Storage locations(T001L)
• Plants (T001W)
• MRP controllers (T024D)
• Assignment IM Storage Location to WM Warehouse Number (T320)
• Blocking Reasons for Automatic Payment Transcations (T008)
• Automatic Account Determination:Rules for Determination of Standard Accounts (T030R),Tax Accounts Determination (T030K) & Automatic account assignment - default assignments (TKA3A)

Product Costing of Subcontracting Material

• The SAP system helps us to implement the subcontracting process with integration across various business functions:Purchasing, Engineering,Costing & Finance.
• Maintenance of relevant Master Data & Configuration Data enables business to run the various steps of the subcontracting process.
• Required Master Data & Configuration data is part of various SAP modules, including MM, Purchasing, CO-PC and PP.

Standard Cost of Subcontracted Material:
Subcontracted material’s standard cost can be divided into following categories:

• Cost of raw materials supplied to the vendor that are used to manufacture the subcontracted material
• Vendor charges for processing these raw materials
• Cost of the freight, duties and other purchase expenses
• Overhead involved in procurement

Procurement Related Facts & Simulations
The following transaction codes are important indicators for procurement related facts:

• Material document list – MB51
• Stocks of materials – MB52
• Purchasing Group- MCE1
• Vendor – MCE3
• Stock Requirement List- MD04
• MRP List- MD05
• Convert Planned Order to PO- MD15
• PO Price History – ME1P
• Release Purchasing Documents- ME28
• Purchasing Documents by Vendor- ME2L
• Quotation price comp list- ME49
• Assign and process PR - ME57
• List Display of Purchase Requisitions– ME5A
• Vendor Evaluation– ME6H
• Analysis of Order Values– ME81N

Financial Facts & Simulations
The following transaction codes are important indicators for finance related facts & simulations:

• Due Date analysis for Open Items (Vendor) - S_ALR_87012078
• Vendor balances in Local Currency - S_ALR_87012082
• Vendor Business - S_ALR_87012093
• List of Vendor Line Items - S_ALR_87012103
• G/L Account Balances - S_ALR_87012277
• G/L Line Items, List for Printing - S_ALR_87012282
• Customer balances in Local Currency - S_ALR_87012172
• Due Date analysis for Open Items (Customer) - S_ALR_87012168
• List of Customer Line Items - S_ALR_87012197
• Balance Sheet / Profit Loss Statement - S_ALR_87012284
• Generic Withholding Tax Reporting - S_P00_07000134
• GL Line item Display (New GL) - FAGLL03
• Customer Line item Display – FBL5N
• Vendor Line item Display – FBL1N
• Payment List – F110

HTML5 + CSS3

[출처 : http://www.ppomppu.co.kr/ ]

Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-1강 (왜 html과 css를 공부해야 할까) http://youtu.be/A7rPsTWNoQY Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-2강 (html5 시맨틱 태그) http://youtu.be/v558XsxFh_o Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-3강 (시맨틱 태그로 웹표준에 맞는 문서 만들기) http://youtu.be/klIErsauYJk Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-4강 (IE를 고려한 시맨틱 태그) http://youtu.be/Fw9u_aIjYSE Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-5강 (텍스트 관련 태그들) http://youtu.be/qtWafrsWi9A Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-6강 (목록과 텍스트 태그 연습하기) http://youtu.be/50ioZsL34KM Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-7강 (하이퍼링크를 만드는 태그) http://youtu.be/amDPFRh4Io4 Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-8강 (HTML5와 이미지) http://youtu.be/iCnLr9durpQ Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-9강 (이미지 맵으로 이벤트 페이지 만들기) http://youtu.be/QOLJmvFJcKM Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-10강 (HTML5와 멀티미디어) http://youtu.be/QxkcTJPL5Xw Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-11강 (다양한 input 태그) http://youtu.be/SSV63gkvBSo Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-12강 (input 태그의 속성) http://youtu.be/hapY8EVIUn8 Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-13강 (상품 주문서 만들기) http://youtu.be/DMO03XhJNKQ Do it! HTML5+CSS3 웹표준의 정석-14강 (CSS기초) http://youtu.be/4jdFBPye7FI

SAP QM Configuration

[ 출처 : https://archive.sap.com/ ]

You can follow the below steps in SPRO settings in QM management area.
1. MAINTAIN SETTINGS AT PLANT LEVEL:
IMG
> Quality Management> Basic settings --> Maintain settings at plant level.
2. DEFINE CONTROL KEY:
IMG --> Quality Management --> QM in Logistics --> QM in procurement --> Define control keys
3. DEFINE DELIVERY BLOCKING:IMG
> Quality Management> QM inLogistics
> QM in procurement> Define delivery block
4. DEFINE CATALOG TYPES:IMG
> Quality Management> QM Planning --> Basic data --> Catalog --> Define catalog types
5. DEFINE DEFAULT VALUES FOR CONTROL INDICATORS:IMG
> Quality Management> QM
Planning --> Basic data --> Inspection characteristic, inspection method
6. DEFINE SAMPLE TYPE:IMG
> Quality Management> QM Planning
> Basic data à Sample, SPC-> Define sample determination
7. RULE FOR SAMPLE DETERMINATION:IMG
> Quality Management> QM Planning --> Basic data
> Sample, SPC> Define sample determination
8. DEFINE VALUATION MODE: IMG
> Quality Management> QM Planning --> Basic data
> Sample, SPC> Define valuation mode
9. VALUATION RULE: IMG/ Quality Management/ QM Planning/ Basic data/ Sample, SPC/ Define valuation mode
10.ASSIGN TASK LIST TYPE TO MATERIAL TYPE: IMG/ Quality Management/ QM
Planning/ Inspection Planning / General/ Assign task list types to material types
11.DEFINE TASK LIST USAGE: IMG/ Quality Management/ QM Planning/ Inspection Planning/ General/ Define Task list usage
12.DEFINE TASK LIST STATUS:IMG/ Quality Management/ QM Planning / Inspection Planning/ General/ Define Task list status
13.INSPECTION TYPE: IMG/ Quality Management/ Quality inspection/ Inspection lot creation / Maintain inspection types
14.ASSIGN INSPECTION TYPE TO LOT ORIGIN:IMG/ Quality Management/ Quality
inspection/ Inspection lot creation/ Maintain inspection lot origin and assign inspection type
15.DEFINE DEFAULT VALUES FOR INSPECTION TYPE:IMG/ Quality Managementà Quality
inspection/ Inspection lot creation/ Define default values for inspection type
16.DEACTIVATE INSPECTION FOR A GOODS MOVEMENT: IMG/ Quality Management/ Quality
inspection/ Inspection lot creation / Inspection for Goods Movements
17.DEFINE INSPECTION IN PLANT MAINTENANCE:IMG/ Quality Management/ Quality
inspection / Inspection lot creation / Define Inspections in Plant Maintenance.
18.DEFINE RECORDING CONFIGURATION: IMG/ Quality Managementà Quality
inspection / Result recording / Define Recording configuration
19.DEFINE FILTER FOR INSPECTION CHARACTERISTICS:IMG/ Quality Management/ Quality
inspection/ Result recording / Define Filter for Inspection Characteristics.
This is the steps for configuration of QM.


[ 출처 : http://www.erpgreat.com/  http://www.erpgreat.com/sap-qm.htm ]
Assumptions:
a. Material has to be created and available in material master: use: MM01.
b. Only to be used for materials which require an 'Inspection' - basically for the following categories of materials:
 i. In-Process goods materials
ii. Finished goods materials
    Exceptions: Raw Materials (examples in Steel Plant materials or Paper product materials).
c. Ensure you have the right SAP template user-id along with the authorizations for that group & then proceed.
d. Create quality view by MM01 for that material. 
Now activate procurement key. 
Goto inspection type tab page activate inspection type 01 for GR inspection
- Storage View of Material master - MM02
- Inspection (as mentioned above) type allocated - MM02
- Material Class - CL01, CL02 and CL03
- Allocate Material to Class - CL20N (CL20)
- Inspection Methods - QS31, QS32, QS33, QS34
- Class (or General) Characteristics - CT04
- Master Inspection Characteristics (MIC) - QS21, QS22 & QS23
- Inspection Plan - QP01, QP02 & QP03
- Material Specifications check - QS61, QS62 (not a mandatory step)
- Quality Certificates - QZ00, QC01, QC02 or QC03 (Certificate Setup).
- COA Assignment - QC15, QC16 & QC17.
 
Quality Management checklists while implementing SAP
1. Basic settings
1.1  Setting up Clients:
1.2  Maintaining QM Settings at plant level
1.3  Create Number Range for Inspection Characteristics
1.4  Create Number Range for Inspection Method
1.5  Define Planner Groups
1.6  Edit Selected Sets Code Groups/Codes
1.7  Define Control Key for QM Purchasing
1.8  Define Control Key for Operation Level
1.9  Material 
1.10 Master Inspection Characteristics
1.11 Inspection Method
1.12 Sampling Procedure
1.13 Sampling Scheme
1.14 Sample drawing Procedure
1.15 Quality Info record-Procurement
1.16 Quality Info record-SD
2. Inspection Process 
2.1 Incoming Inspection (Inspection Type)
2.2 In process Inspection  (Inspection Type)
2.3 Inspection for a Customer Return (Inspection Type)
2.4 Recurring Inspections for Batch Materials (Inspection Type)
2.5 Early Inspection for a Goods Receipt (Inspection Type- 04)
2.6 Inspection of Physical Samples (Inspection Type)
2.7 Calibration Inspection (Inspection Type) 
 
You can use this trancation codes to direct access for QM work place which the QM user have to maintain.
QCC0 : QM: Direct Access to IMG
QCC1 : Direct Access to IMG: Notification
QCC2 : IMG Direct Access: QM Q-Notification
QCC3 : IMG Direct Access: QM Q-Inspection
QCC4 : IMG Direct Access: QM Q-Planning
QCC5 : IMG Direct Selection: QM Bus. Add-In

asterisk-gui install

- svn을 사용하도록 프로그램 설치
sudo apt-get install subversion


asterisk 설치
sudo apt-get install asterisk

https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Asterisk+GUI
https://dfighter1985.wordpress.com/2015/04/17/asterisk-gui-on-ubuntu-14-10/

asterisk-gui 설치  

svn checkout http://svn.digium.com/svn/asterisk-gui/trunk asterisk-gui
cd /usr/src/asterisk-gui
./configure
make
make install

설정
 - 기존 설정 백업
cp -r /etc/asterisk /etc/asterisk.backup
make samples  <-- 오류나서 실행 안함.


vi /etc/asterisk/managee.conf

enabled = yes
webenabled = yes

[mark]
secret = mysecret
read = system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,user,config
write = system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,user,config 

vi /etc/asterisk/http.conf

enabled=yes
enablestatic=yes
bindaddr=0.0.0.0

chmod asterisk.asterisk /var/lib/asterisk -R

make checkconfig 

asterisk -r

CLI 모드에서 reload

http://127.0.0.1:8088/static/config/index.html

http show status

manager show settings

[출처 : https://plus.google.com/ ]

암호화 파일 시스템을 적용하는 것과 관련해서, 한동안 고민을 했었는데.

드디어 해답을 알아내서 팁 하나를 공유드립니다.

linux 에서는 eCryptfs 라는 암호화 파일 시스템을 사용할 수 있는 방법이 제공되고 있습니다.

sudo apt-get install ecryptfs-utils

당근 요렇게 설치해주셔야 쓸 수 있는데, 디렉토리 암호화를 적용하고 싶다고 치면,

해당 디렉토리를 eCryptfs 로 마운트를 하면 간단하게 적용됩니다..
다양한 암호화 알고리즘을 적용할 수 있기 때문에 취향껏 옵션을 선택하시면 됩니다.
(옵션에 따라서 데이터만 암호화 시킬 수도 있고, 파일 이름 까지 암호화 시킬 수도 있습니다.)

sudo mount /home/me/safe /home/me/safe -t ecryptfs -o passphrase_passwd=비밀번호,
ecryptfs_cipher=aes,ecryptfs_key_bytes=24,ecryptfs_passthrough=no,ecryptfs_enable_filename_crypto=no,no_sig_cache=yes

요렇게요.

이 상태에서 읽고 쓰고 하는 것은 모두 암호화 되어서 저장되고 복호화 되어서 읽히고 합니다.

문제는 요렇게 mount 하면 계정 access control 에만 기대게 되어 해당 directory 에 접근할 수 있는 모든 사람들이 다 들어가서 볼 수 있게 된다는 거죠.

퍼미션 시스템에만 기대면 암호화 하는것에 대해서 뭔가 덜 보호되는거 같습니다.
퍼미션이 뚫려도 암호화 파일 시스템으로 최후의 보루를 삼고 싶었던 건데, 아무런 보호가 안된다니?

바로 이걸 위해서 unshare 를 쓰는 겁니다.

unshare - -mount - - /bin/bash -c "sudo mount /home/me/safe /home/me/safe -t ecryptfs -o passphrase_passwd=비밀번호,
ecryptfs_cipher=aes,ecryptfs_key_bytes=24,ecryptfs_passthrough=no,ecryptfs_enable_filename_crypto=no,no_sig_cache=yes && 기타 등등 하고 싶은 짓"

( - - 는 붙여야 합니다.)

요런식으로 하면, eCryptfs 로 마운트되는게 저 안에서만 유효하기 때문에
설령 내 계정으로 /home/me/safe 에 들어가서 보더라도 암호화된 텍스트 밖에 못 보게 됩니다.

Linux PHP에 오라클 연동하기

오라클 사이트에서 운영체제에 맞는 Client를 다운받아 설치 한다.

 

 oracle-instantclient12.1-basic-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpmoracle-instantclient12.1-devel-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm

다운로드 완료 후 설치

# rpm -i oracle-instantclient12.1-basic-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm

# rpm -i oracle-instantclient12.1-devel-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm

OCI8의 최신 버전을 사이트에서 확인 후 다운 받아 압축을 푼다.

# wget http://pecl.php.net/get/oci8-2.1.2.tgz

# tar xvzf oci8-2.1.2.tgz

# cd oci8-2.1.2

Oracle Client 설치 위치가 아래 경로를 확인하고 컴파일시해당 경로명 입력

32비트 : /usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client/lib/ 64비트: /usr/lib64/oracle/12.1/client/lib/

# phpize

# ./configure --with-oci8=shared,instantclient,/usr/lib(64)/oracle/12.1/client/lib/

# make all install

여기까지 완료 되면 /usr/lib/php/modules에 oci8.so가 생성됨.

php에 해당 모듈 로드 하도록 설정 추가(/etc/php.d/ 에 ini 파일 추가)

# echo 'extension=oci8.so' > /etc/php.d/oci8.ini

# service httpd restart

여기까지 완료 되면 php애소 oracle 함수 사용 가능함.

정상적으로 설치가 완료 되었는데 php에서 오류가 아래와 같이 날 경우 조치

아마도 여러분의 아파치 error_log에 이렇게 나타나있을겁니다.

PHP Warning:  PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php/modules/oci8.so' - libnnz11.so: cannot enable executable stack as shared object requires: Permission denied in Unknown on line 0

# /usr/sbin/setenforce 0

# vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled  <-- 변경

마우스 우클릭 막은 사이트 해제하기

파이어폭스의 부가기능 Greasemonkey의스크립터를 이용한 방법
http://userscripts.org/로 이동하여 검색 기능에 naver로 검색한다.

 검색결과중 Anti-Disabler for Naver Pro+Last Update를 설치한다.